HomeFeaturesAn Expert’s Bona Fide Guide: Life as a Transplant Nurse Practitioner (NP)

An Expert’s Bona Fide Guide: Life as a Transplant Nurse Practitioner (NP)

“Transplant is a very rewarding specialty. It’s complex, it’s complicated, it’s intense, and it’s exciting.”

Dr. Deonna Taylor, Associate Nursing Officer, Transplant Patient Care Center and Vanderbilt Lung Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC)

The first successful kidney transplant was performed in 1954, signaling a new era in medical practice. In 2024, there were 48,149 organ transplants performed in the US, setting a new record. Alongside the development of immunosuppressant drugs and an increasing number of donors, more and more patients are able to live longer, healthier lives.

Transplant nurse practitioners (NPs) are an increasingly important and valuable part of the broader transplant team. These advanced practice providers are highly trained and specialized health professionals who work with pre-transplant and post-transplant patients. They can be found in clinics, hospitals, and outreach programs. While transplant is still a niche specialty area for NPs, it’s a growing one, and first-class fellowship programs are building workforce pipelines that help transplant NPs transition into practice.

This year, Transplant Nurses Week takes place April 21-28, 2025. It’s a time to raise awareness around the unique contributions that transplant nurses make in the lives of the people with whom they work, especially their patients.

To get a look at the life of a transplant NP, and what issues are most relevant in transplant nursing, read on.

Meet the Experts: Deonna Taylor, PhD & Kaitlyn Chapin, MSN

Deonna R. Taylor, PhD, MSN, ACNP-BC

Dr. Deonna Taylor is associate vice president and associate chief nursing officer (Ambulatory Division Nursing) at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC). From 2020 to 2024, she served as associate nursing officer at Vanderbilt Transplant Center and Vanderbilt Lung Institute. She received both her MSN and her PhD in nursing science and health services research from Vanderbilt University.

Dr. Taylor’s research has been published and presented across the country. In 2017, she was named “Advanced Transplant Provider of the Year” by the American Society of Transplant Surgeons (ASTS).

Dr. Taylor was interviewed for this feature in 2022.

Kaitlyn Chapin, MSN, AGNP-C

Kaitlyn Chapin is the lead nurse practitioner in lung transplant at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), where she has been working as a transplant NP for seven years. She earned her MSN at Daemen University (Buffalo, NY) and completed her fellowship in Solid Organ Transplant at VUMC. She was named the Jerita Payne Advanced Practice Nurse of the Year Award for 2023 and is currently enrolled in the PhD program at Vanderbilt University.

Kaitlyn Chapin was interviewed in 2022 and again in 2025 for this feature.

The Role of the Transplant NP

While the number of transplant physicians is shrinking, the need for organ transplants is not. Advanced practice providers, such as transplant NPs, are an increasingly important part of the care team. Transplant NPs are involved in a wide range of areas: pre-transplant, post-transplant, waitlist management, and even in the operating room.

“One of the evolutions I’ve noticed over time is that advanced practice providers have come to play key roles in every phase of care for transplant patients,” says Deonna Taylor, PhD, who served as Associate Nursing Officer at Vanderbilt Transplant Center and Vanderbilt Lung Institute from 2020 to 2024.

Transplant NPs are differentiated from transplant nurses (RNs) in that their scope of practice allows for more than just care coordination. Transplant NPs can, in most states, assess, diagnose, treat, and follow-up with patients. This has a force-multiplying benefit for transplant centers and increases access for patients.

“In this specialty, you really get to see how drastically organ transplant improves a patient’s quality of life,” says Dr. Taylor. “To see these patients’ improvement in their condition, to be a part of that, to walk through that experience with patients, is all part of what first drew me in.”

The nation needs more transplant NPs. But this is an extremely complex specialty area, and one with enormous stakes; the transition from an NP program to such a specialized field can appear intimidating. A new generation of transplant fellowship programs targeted specifically at NPs is seeking to establish a firm pipeline into the workforce.

Becoming a Transplant NP: A Focus on Fellowships

VUMC’s Solid Organ Transplant Advanced Practice Fellowship prepares both new graduates and experienced APRNs to provide quality, evidence-based patient care within a diverse and complex healthcare environment. The curriculum includes direct patient care, simulation training, and didactic courses. Those who complete the program are able to essentially walk into a live practice setting.

“Transplant is so complex,” Dr. Taylor says. “It has so many components, both from a medical and surgical side, that it takes a good year before someone feels comfortable in the specialty. A fellowship program gives an NP the time and training they need to gain that comfort level as they transition into practice. Each year, year after year, we see that NP fellows gain the knowledge, experience, training, and clinical practice necessary to fully embrace the role.”

In their didactic training, fellows gain in-depth knowledge of pathophysiology, immunosuppressants, infectious diseases, and assessment and intervention components related to each organ system. They also have experiences with other educational opportunities: at Vanderbilt, for example, transplant NP fellows take a class with MBA students on the transplantation business. Along the way, fellows learn to become leaders within a collaborative team.

“Fellowships, in general, make for such a great transition from being a nurse to being an NP,” says Kaitlyn Chapin, MSN, AGNP-C, a past fellow of the VUMC Jerita Payne NP Fellowship program. “As the profession progresses, I think we’ll see more and more fellowships become available. I think that’s the direction that the advanced practice world is going.”

A Day in the Life of a Transplant NP

Chapin grew up in the transplant world: her mother’s been a transplant nurse for twenty years. When Chapin got to nursing school, she worked part-time as a research assistant on transplant issues and went on to be Vanderbilt’s first transplant NP fellow. She’s now the lead NP in lung transplant at VUMC.

“Some NPs, when they finish NP school, hesitate to specialize because they’re afraid they’ll lose their general knowledge and primary care skills,” Chapin says. “But even though I work in lung transplant as a transplant NP, I still manage a lot of general things with my patients; I’m still managing their diabetes; I’m still managing their hypertension. But I also get so many cool opportunities as a transplant NP.”

A typical day for Chapin starts with the clinic, where she’ll see mostly post-transplant patients but occasionally pre-transplant patients, too. At noon, she’ll return to her office, where she’ll write clinic notes and answer nurse questions. Her responsibilities include reviewing lab results and imaging, such as CT scans and X-rays. Chapin may need to alter a patient’s treatment or medication as a result.

“The most rewarding part is getting to see our patients live their lives,” Chapin says. “Post-transplant, our patients get to meet their grandchildren. They get to see their kids graduate. They get to walk their daughters down the aisle. Seeing all the things they get to do, things that some people take for granted, that’s my favorite part.”

Transplant is a small but growing specialty area, and its community of passionate colleagues is something that Chapin and Dr. Taylor both credit as one of its greatest strengths. It’s in that community that the collaborative spirit of the practice is extended outside of any individual team or facility.

Transplant NPs across the country connect through professional organizations, symposiums, conferences, and even events for Transplant Nurses Week, exchanging best practices, stories, and research. They’re bonded not only by their training but also by their passion for the work that they do.

“Transplant is a very rewarding specialty,” Dr. Taylor says. “It’s complex, it’s complicated, it’s intense, and it’s exciting. You have an opportunity to make such an impact in people’s lives. It’s really amazing to be part of that.”

Top Advocacy Issues for Transplant NPs

Increasing the Number of Donors

Over 100,000 men, women, and children were on national transplant waiting lists as of March 2025, and an estimated 16 people die every day while waiting for an organ transplant. Increasing the number of donors can reduce these figures.

It’s not a hard sell, either: according to the 2019 National Survey of Organ Donation Attitudes and Practices, 90 percent of American adults support organ donation, but only 50 percent are actually signed up as donors. And one donor can save up to eight lives through the donation of lifesaving organs.

Broadening Donor Diversity

Even though shared ethnicity is not a requirement for matching donors with recipients, a more diverse donor registry gives ethnic minorities on the waiting list a better chance of finding a suitable match. The immune system markers that are used to match donors to recipients are inherited traits, and people with rare markers may be more likely to match with someone from a similar ethnic background. According to the American Kidney Fund, more donors from minority ethnicities are needed.

Reducing Inequity in Transplantation

Equity is so important in transplantation that it’s specifically outlined in the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Final Rule, which mandates that the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) ensure the equitable allocation of cadaveric organs.

Unfortunately, equity is not the reality in practice. Non-white patients wait longer to get on transplant waiting lists, and, once on those lists, wait longer than their non-white counterparts and are also less likely to undergo the transplant procedure. The United Network for Organ Sharing, along with other transplant organizations, has dedicated itself to reducing inequity in transplantation.

Educating Potential Donors

Organ transplant is a complicated procedure, so it’s no surprise that there are some misconceptions about it lingering in the public perception. But those misconceptions can be a barrier to wider donor recruitment. It’s not uncommon for people to falsely assume that their age, medical history, religion, or even sexual orientation precludes them from being a possible donor.

Transplant Nurses Week (April 21-28, 2025) offers an opportunity to dispel some myths around the subject of organ transplants.

Update 2025: Leading Through Change

“In the last four years, the role of the transplant NP has continued to evolve with the ongoing growth and needs in the field of transplantation,” Chapin says. “Not only are transplant nurse practitioners often treating and caring for post-transplant patients independently, but more than ever, transplant NPs are integral in the pre-transplant evaluation and management of patients with advanced organ disease. Transplant nurse practitioners are also more often serving as board members for national and international transplant organizations, which really speaks to the dedication to the field outside of clinical care.”

Progress has been made in advocacy areas as well, particularly in the areas of equity and access. In 2023, a change to the Composite Allocation Score (CAS) for lung transplantation made geographical proximity (between donor and recipient) a less dominant factor in the final calculation. The new scoring system is more comprehensive, prioritizing the sickest and most compatible patients. It’s a big win for patients in rural areas and areas with lower donor rates.

“We still have a long way to go in continuing to work on inequity in transplantation, as well as working on increasing the number of registered organ donors,” Chapin says. “However, it gives me hope and pride knowing that transplant nurse practitioners are in the fight.”

Another big change came in 2024, when the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) started enforcing the policy around “shared visits.” Previously, when an NP and a physician collaborated on a patient visit, the work was often attributed solely to the physician in billing and documentation. That practice could obscure the critical contributions of NPs, particularly in specialized fields like transplant care. The updated CMS policy enforces clearer attribution of the work performed by NPs.

“It allows the true work of transplant NPs to be more visible, and not diluted,” Chapin says.

Looking forward, one focus for transplant NPs is improving patient outcomes post-transplant. That extends beyond basic medical care, Chapin notes, and into quality of life. As highly trusted practitioners with backgrounds in holistic, patient-centered care, transplant NPs are uniquely positioned to work with patients who struggle with mental health-related quality of life, a common issue for transplant patients.

“These patients have another chance to live their lives,” Chapin says. “We want to make sure they really live and enjoy life.”

The future is bright for transplant NPs. More NPs are being hired into the fields of transplant infectious disease and transplant psychology, establishing a presence in these complex and unique sub-specialties. And transplant NPs will increasingly take on leadership positions and contribute to research in the field.

In 2024, VUMC hosted the 20th annual Transplant Advanced Practice Provider Symposium, which featured two days of programming, with presentations and collaborations between MDs, NPs, and PAs. It’s indicative of where the specialty is heading.

“Transplant NPs will continue to serve as consistent and comprehensive providers for organ transplant candidates and recipients, and I hope to see transplant NPs leading educational initiatives not only for patients but also for other healthcare professionals,” Chapin says. “Mentorship is so important, and I look forward to continuing to be a part of shaping the future of the transplant NP role.”

Resources for Transplant NPs

Transplantation only works with collaboration. To learn more about organ transplant and the people who make it possible, check out the resources below.

American Society of Transplantation (AST): Founded in 1982, AST is an organization of more than 5,000 professionals dedicated to advancing the field of transplantation and improving patient care through research, education, advocacy, and organ donation. New and aspiring transplant NPs can connect to the AST’s Advanced Practice Providers Community of Practice (APP COP).
American Society of Transplant Surgeons (ASTS): Representing approximately 2,000 professionals dedicated to excellence in transplantation, ASTS advances the art and science of transplant surgery. Since its inception in 1974, ASTS has grown to include not only surgeons but also physicians, scientists, and advanced practice providers around the globe.
American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP): With over 100,000 members and a wide range of specialty groups, AANP is the only national organization dedicated primarily to NPs, and it provides NPs a unified way to network and advocate for the issues that matter most to them.
International Transplant Nurses Society (ITNS): The creator of Transplant Nurses Week, ITNS is the first organization dedicated to promoting the education and clinical practice excellence of nurses who are interested in and participate in the care of solid organ transplant patients.
International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT): ISHLT is a multidisciplinary professional organization dedicated to improving the care of patients with advanced heart or lung disease through transplantation, mechanical support, and innovative therapies via research, education, and advocacy.
North American Transplant Coordinators Organization (NATCO): NATCO is dedicated to advancing education, promoting certifications, and furthering the professional development of donation and transplant professionals, and empowering each member to reach their highest potential.
United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS): Under contract with the federal government, UNOS is a private, nonprofit organization that manages the nation’s organ transplant system, bringing together transplant professionals and volunteers. The UNOS system serves as a model for transplant systems across the globe.

Matt Zbrog

Writer

Matt Zbrog is a writer and researcher from Southern California, and he believes nurse practitioners (NP) are an indispensable component of America’s current and future healthcare workforce. Since 2018, he’s written extensively about the work and advocacy of NPs, with a particular focus on the rapid growth of specialization programs, residencies, fellowships, and professional organizations. As part of an ongoing series on state practice authority, he’s worked with NP leaders, educators, and advocates from across the country to elevate policy discussions that empower NPs. His articles have featured interviews with the leadership of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP), the National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (NAPNAP), and many other professional nursing associations.